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An Ibex stands on Jargalant Mountain in Mongolia’s western Khovd province, where vulnerable habitat is shrinking amid surging livestock numbers – Copyright AFP Odbayar Urkhensuren<\/small><\/em><\/p>\nKhaliun Bayartsogt<\/em><\/p>\nThe icy peaks of Jargalant Mountain are supposed to belong to snow leopards, whose numbers have dwindled to fewer than 1,000 in Mongolia, but hard-pressed herders are increasingly pushing into the vulnerable animals\u2019 traditional habitat.<\/p>\n
\u201cNow there are eight herders\u2019 families on this mountain,\u201d said Daribazar Nergui, who has lost 10 of his livestock to the elusive apex predators, known as \u201cghosts of the mountain\u201d. \u00a0<\/p>\n
Wild animals and domesticated livestock have long coexisted in Mongolia\u2019s vast hinterlands. \u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n
But a push for more grazable land by herders seeking to expand their flocks and their earnings has brought them onto lands once reserved for wild animals, leaving them vulnerable to disease and starvation.<\/p>\n
Another species that\u2019s been threatened is the Mongolian gazelle.<\/p>\n
Long a symbol of the country\u2019s natural beauty, the slender animals travel thousands of kilometres from eastern and southern Mongolia across northern China on their annual migrations.\u00a0<\/p>\n
But their numbers have plummeted from tens of millions to under three million, according to the environment ministry.\u00a0<\/p>\n
Climate change and desertification have forced them to change ancient habits, from following fresh vegetation throughout the seasons to going wherever there is enough grass to survive, experts say.<\/p>\n
\u201cWhen you have an increase of livestock, you need to find a new pasture, but the new pastures are being used by wildlife,\u201d Batbold Dorjgurkhem of the conservation group WWF told AFP.\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u201cOnce we had five livestock per square kilometre, now we have fifteen per square kilometre,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n
\u2013 Soaring numbers \u2013<\/p>\n
Mongolia\u2019s livestock population has tripled in recent decades, according to government figures, from 20 million in 1990 to 60 million today.<\/p>\n
The surge has been driven by soaring demand for cashmere abroad, mainly from China.<\/p>\n
Mongolia is one of the most sparsely populated countries in the world and about one-third of the population is nomadic.<\/p>\n
Booming livestock numbers have helped lift many out of the extreme poverty that once defined nomadic life, experts say, but herders still face harsh economic realities.<\/p>\n
\u201cIf you have few animals, around 200 to 300, you can\u2019t improve your life, you can\u2019t buy a car or save money for your children\u2019s future,\u201d herder Darkhanbaatar Batsuhkh, from Erdenesant, which lies roughly 200 kilometres southwest of the capital Ulaanbaatar, told AFP.\u00a0<\/p>\n
Deepening herders\u2019 woes has been the country\u2019s extreme weather, most notably the dzud, when harsh winters freeze the ground and make it impossible for livestock to graze.<\/p>\n
Climate change is increasing the frequency and intensity of dzuds, according to the United Nations.\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u201cHerders are under enormous financial pressure,\u201d Gandulguun Sanjaa, the leader of a group of 200 herder families in eastern Sukhbaatar province, told AFP.<\/p>\n
\u201cThey are always short of money,\u201d he said, citing the need to pay for livestock feed and school tuition for their children.<\/p>\n
\u2013\u00a0\u00a0 Spreading disease \u2013\u00a0<\/p>\n
The push for expanded pastures has meant that livestock now live in close proximity to wild animals \u2014 leading to occasional conflict when predators feed on sheep and goats and sometimes fuelling the spread of disease.<\/p>\n
The Saiga Antelope, native to western Mongolia, has proved especially susceptible to livestock-borne illness.<\/p>\n
The species\u2019 numbers fell from 15,000 to 3,000 thanks to a devastating 2016-17 outbreak of Ovine rinderpest, sometimes called goat plague.\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n
Their population has rebounded but the animals remain \u201cnear-threatened\u201d.\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n
\u201cWe can\u2019t catch and inject vaccines into wild animals,\u201d Ochirkhuu Nyamsuren, vice dean of the Mongolian University of Life Science\u2019s veterinary school, told AFP.<\/p>\n
\u201cNatural selection and group immunity are their only fate.\u201d<\/p>\n
Still considered vulnerable on a global level, the snow leopard population has stabilized in Mongolia.\u00a0A 2021 survey found 953 of the big cats \u2014 the second-largest population anywhere in the world.<\/p>\n
But the intrusion of herders onto their protected lands has alarmed local officials and threatened domesticated and wild animals alike. \u00a0<\/p>\n
Munkhdavaa Khasag, the deputy governor of Mankhan, the district where Jargalant is located, said at least 220 livestock were eaten there by snow leopards last year.<\/p>\n
\u201cHerders always complain about snow leopards and their lost animals,\u201d he told AFP.<\/p>\n
\u201cBut we tell them that they must leave Jargalant Mountain \u2014 it is a national park reserved area for snow leopards and they are not allowed to pasture their livestock.\u201d<\/p>\n
Experts say the government must work to make the country\u2019s livestock sector more sustainable.<\/p>\n
\u201cMongolia must create a healthy system, with raw materials and products from livestock valued higher,\u201d the WWF\u2019s Batbold told AFP.<\/p>\n
\u201cHerders need ways to increase their income other than raising more livestock.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n
Mongolia’s wildlife at risk from overgrazing
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#Mongolias #wildlife #risk #overgrazing<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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